Substantiation of a panel of biomarkers for predicting and evaluating the effectiveness of dental implantation based on modern views on the pathophysiological molecular and cellular mechanisms of peri-implantitis

One of the important tasks of modern dentistry is to find indicators that would allow predicting the development of complications of dental implantation. However, there is currently no generally accepted set of biomarkers and assessment scales for early diagnosis of the risk of complications and monitoring of osseointegration processes. Accordingly, the possibility of early prevention and treatment in an adequate time frame is reduced to prevent the development of implant rejection. To improve the forecasting and evaluation of the effectiveness of dental implantation based on the molecular profile of patients an analytical review of publications over the past decade devoted to the use of biomarkers for predicting and evaluating the effectiveness of dental implantation was conducted. The tissue response to an implant in peri-implantitis is a complex pathophysiological process that involves the interaction between the implant, surrounding tissues, and the body’s immune system. Based on the analysis of literature data, a panel of biomarkers has been substantiated that can be used to predict complications after dental implantation and assess the severity of peri-implantitis from the perspective of modern views on the pathophysiological molecular and cellular mechanisms of peri-implantitis: α-tubulin, β-tubulin, cyclooxygenase-1,2,3, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, melatonin and its receptors, nerve cell nuclear protein, nitric oxide, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, neuron-specific enolase, claudine-1 and E-cadherin. The use of this panel of molecular markers will improve the accuracy of predictions, individualize treatment approaches, and ensure the long-term stability of implants.