Health state at the age of 12 months in preterm children who have suffered intraventricular hemorrhages I and II degree during early neonatal period. Risk factors for the formation of cerebral palsy

BACKGROUND: The most significant pathology in very preterm newborns with very low body weight and extremely low body weight is intraventricular hemorrhage, which can subsequently lead to disability. It is necessary to identify risk factors for the formation of disabling pathology in very premature newborns for a personalized approach to their management. AIM: The goal is to assess the health status of very premature children who have suffered intraventricular hemorrhage in the early neonatal period by the age of 1 year of life, to identify risk factors for the formation of disabling pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 580 very premature infants with very low body weight and extremely low body weight who suffered intraventricular hemorrhage of grades I and II in the early neonatal period. RESULTS: Risk factors for stage II intraventricular hemorrhage in very premature infants with very low body weight and extremely low body weight have been established: fetoplacental insufficiency, threat of miscarriage, pregnancy parity of 3 or more, premature abruption of a normally located placenta, severe asphyxia at birth. By the age of 1 year of life, only 10.2% of the examined children were neurologically healthy. Disability by the age of 1 year of life occurred in 19 children, and in first place among the causes of disability is cerebral palsy — 68.4%, in second place — bronchopulmonary dysplasia (15.8%), in third place — retinopathy of prematurity (10.5%). Risk factors for the formation of cerebral palsy by the year of life in very premature infants with very low body weight and extremely low body weight who have undergone intraventricular hemorrhage in the early neonatal period are: gestation period less than 28 weeks, birth weight less than 500 g, low Apgar score at 5 minutes of life, the need for artificial pulmonary ventilation lasting more than 4 days, the presence of stage 2 intraventricular hemorrhage in the early neonatal period. CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account risk factors for the development of disabling pathology in very preterm newborns with very low body weight and extremely low body weight is necessary for a personalized approach to the management of such children to improve outcomes.