Regional features of early neonatal mortality (data on the Belgorod region for the period 2012-2015)

Early neonatal mortality occupies one of the leading places in the structure of infant mortality, which determines the medical and social significance of this problem. The aim of the study was to study regional features of the structure and causes of early neonatal mortality. The study was carried out on the basis of data from the Department of Pediatric Pathology of the Belgorod Regional Pathoanatomical Bureau for the period from January 2012 to December 2015. It was found that early neonatal mortality decreased from 2.9‰ in 2012 to 2.5‰ in 2015. It was shown the presence of the two main peaks of mortality occurring on the first and third days of a child's life. It was established that the main proportion of children with early neonatal death was children with extremely low body weight (34.7%). These children were born in the result of premature birth – in 60% of cases in 2012 with the growth of the indicator to 71.4% in 2015. The main causes of early neonatal mortality were: 1) respiratory disorders – respiratory distress syndrome of newborns, pneumonia, and aspiration of meconium – 51%; 2) congenital anomalies – multiple congenital malformations and congenital heart defects – 12.5%; 3) non-traumatic intraventricular hemorrhages – 13.5%. 61.2% of pregnant women had pathological conditions during pregnancy. Among the pathological conditions of pregnant women, most often identified chronic feto-placental insufficiency and intrauterine infections with infection of the placenta (moderate and severe) in 78% of cases. Among the pathogens of intrauterine infections dominated chlamydia (more than a third of cases), fungi of the genus Candida, ureaplasma and mycoplasma.