Pathophysiological principles for evaluating hemodynamic

The diagnosis and treatment of patients with hemodynamic disorders is basing of the understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular system. The relationship between length of muscle fibers and power reduction were first time revealed by Fick. Otto Frank was formulated fundamental principles of contractility of cardiomyocytes. Straub and Wiggers in 1914 was described the mail principles of the right ventricle work. Ernest Starling was performed a series of experiments, which explore a dependence of left ventricular ejection from venous inflow and elastic resistance of the aorta. In 1914 Ernest Starling was published research result, which describe how the mechanical energy of heart beats is depend from length fiber. Another essential part of knowledge of this problem was discovered by Aurtur Guyton experiments. Guyton has been established that there is a linear relationship between the pressure in the right atrium and the venous return. The lack of quantitative assessment of volume status has led to a qualitative approach, de-scribed by the term “response to the volume load.” However, as pointed out by some authors [16, 29], it is important to remember that the response to the preload is not a pathological condition. A quantitative approach to the assessment of volume status is based on the concept of Guyton on average system pressure filling, theoretically independent of cardiac function. This approach is used clinically. In this review article we describe possibility of clinical application of all knowledge of this questions.