Гепатит А: новый взгляд на старую проблему (лекция): ЛЕКЦИИ

Дмитрий Павлович  Гладин; Надежда Сергеевна  Козлова; Владимир Александрович  Марченко; Илья Андреевич  Баранов

doi:10.56871/

Hepatitis A: a new look at an old problem (lecture)

LECTURE

Dmitrii P. Gladin Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-7110
Nadezhda S. Kozlova North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-4156
Vladimir A. Marchenko North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-3157
Ilya A. Baranov North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-0230

Keywords:

hepatitis A virus quasi-enveloped forms of the virus hepatitis A epidemiology clinical features laboratory diagnostics prevention вирус гепатита А квазиоболочечные формы вируса гепатит А эпидемиология клиника лабораторная диагностика профилактика

Abstract

Hepatitis A is a serious medico-social problem in the health care system worldwide. In the Russian Federation, hepatitis A virus continues to be the major etiological agent of acute viral hepatitis. The features of Hepatitis A at the present are its frequent association with chronic alcohol intoxication, chronic hepatitis B and C, HIV infection, a tendency to a prolonged course with exacerbations and relapses, the presence of cholestatic syndrome and an autoimmune disorder, more frequent development of severe forms of the disease due to the incidence declined in children and increased in adults. Due to the lack of specific antiviral therapy, vaccination is currently recognized as the most effective measure to combat hepatitis A. Thus, hepatitis A vaccination is included in the National Immunization Program in at least 20 countries, including the United States, China and Brazil. Expansion of the National Immunization Program and inclusion of hepatitis A vaccination will significantly reduce the incidence of this disease in the Russian Federation. The article describes the features of the hepatitis A virus reproduction cycle, including a description of quasi-enveloped form of virions. Current data on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis A are presented. Clinical manifestations of manifest forms of hepatitis A are considered. The main and most promising methods of laboratory diagnostics of hepatitis A,
as well as methods of specific disease prevention are described.

Author Biographies

Dmitrii P. Gladin, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

MD, Ph D, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; address: 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Peterburg, 194100, Russia

Nadezhda S. Kozlova, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

MD, Ph D, Associate Professor of Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University after named I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Vladimir A. Marchenko, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

MD, Ph D, Associate Professor of Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Ilya A. Baranov, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia

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