Влияние экзогенного ганглиозида GM1 на экспрессию апоптотических генов в гиппокампе на модели хронической алкогольной интоксикации: ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

Асия Асхатовна  Мавлиханова; Валерий Алексеевич  Катаев; Тагир Рафаилович  Гизатуллин; Василий Николаевич  Цыган

doi:10.56871/PED.2025.82.71.003

The effect of exogenous ganglioside gm1 on the expression of apoptotic genes in the hippocampus in a model of chronic alcohol intoxication

ORIGINAL STUDIES

Asiya A. Mavlikhanova Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Ufa, Russia
Valery A. Kataev Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
Tagir R. Gizatullin Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Ufa, Russia
Vasily N. Tsygan Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirova, St. Petersburg, Russia

Keywords:

алкогольная интоксикация моносиалотетрагексозилганглиозид алкоголь-индуцированные нарушения гиппокамп апоптоз ганглиозид GM1 нейропротекция количественная полимеразная цепная реакция с обратной транскрипцией в реальном времени мРНК каспаза-1 каспаза-3 alcohol intoxication monosialotetrahexosylganglioside alcohol-induced disorders hippocampus apoptosis ganglioside GM1 neuroprotection quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction mRNA caspase-1 caspase-3

Abstract

Background. Ganglioside GM1 is of interest as a promising compound with nootropic properties for the correction of damage to the central nervous system, particularly in neurodegenerative processes.

Aim. To study the effect of exogenous ganglioside GM1 on the expression of key apoptosis regulatory genes (caspase-1, caspase-3, Bcl-2, BAX) in the hippocampus of mice under conditions of chronic alcohol intoxication, which acts as a catalyst for neurodegeneration.

Materials and methods. An experiment was conducted on 40 male BALB/c mice divided into 4 groups: intact control, a chronic alcohol intoxication model (intragastric administration of ethanol according to a stepwise schedule for 47 days), and two groups receiving ethanol in combination with GM1 at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg. The mRNA levels of target genes in the hippocampus were analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical data processing was performed using a two-way ANOVA.

Results. Caspase-1 mRNA levels were non-significantly increased in all ethanol-treated groups. Caspase-3 mRNA levels were significantly (p <0.05) increased only in the GM1 30 mg/kg group compared to the model group. BAX mRNA levels remained unchanged. Bcl-2 gene expression in the control group was statistically significantly different from all experimental groups.

Сonclusions. The expected effect of GM1 ganglioside at the transcriptional level, namely protection against neurodegeneration, was not confirmed in this model. The key result was the identification of a potential pro-apoptotic effect of a high dose of GM1 (30 mg/kg), manifested by a statistically significant increase in caspase-3 gene expression.

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