Гематоэнцефалический барьер: особенности изменений структурно-функциональной организации у пациентов с глиобластомой

Софья Сергеевна Скляр; Александр Петрович Трашков; Марина Витальевна Мацко; Андрей Леонидович Коневега; Марина Юрьевна Копаева; Антон Борисович Черепов; Николай Васильевич Цыган; Бобир Ибрагимович Сафаров; Никита Евгеньевич Воинов; Андрей Глебович Васильев

Blood-brain barrier: peculiarities of structural and functional organization in patients with glioblastoma

Sofia S. Sklyar Polenov Russian Neurosurgical Institute — the Branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre; B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
Alexander P. Trashkov B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
Marina V. Matsko Clinical Scientific-Practical Center of Oncology; Saint Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Medico-Social Institute
Andrey L. Konevega B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”; National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
Marina Yu. Kopaeva National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
Anton B. Cherepov National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
Nikolai V. Tsygan Kirov Military Medical Academy; B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
Bobir I. Safarov Polenov Russian Neurosurgical Institute — the Branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Nikita E. Voinov Polenov Russian Neurosurgical Institute — the Branch of Almazov National Medical Research Centre
Andrei G. Vasiliev St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Abstract

The research of the blood-brain barrier began at the turn of the 18^th–19^th centuries. To date due to the large number of studies conducted, it is obvious that this system has an impossibly complex structure at the organ, tissue and molecular genetic levels. Scientific interest in the changes in the blood-brain barrier that occur during pathological neoplastic processes is increasing. As it turned out, the restructuring of this system is an important and integral stage in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, a tumor of the central nervous system with the most unfavorable prognosis. Heterogeneous structure with the formation of areas of altered cellular composition, uneven and uncontrolled permeability, provided by a large number of transport vesicles and the destruction of tight contacts between endotheliocytes, active outflow of molecules from the parenchyma due to the continuous synthesis of new portions of ABC-carrier proteins, the creation of an immature vascular network under the influence of high expression of VEGF by tumor cells — the main characteristics of the hematopoietic barrier, formed in glioblastoma and supporting its survival. The further research of the features of the structure and mechanisms of functioning of the blood-brain barrier in glioblastoma is a new and promising task in modern neuro–oncology, the solution of which will not only expand the understanding of the biology of the most common and malignant brain tumor but will also improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients and improve the prognosis.