Acute thymic hemorrhage, simulating an anterior mediastinal mass, as a complication of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Mediastinum is one of the most frequent localizations of pathological mass in childhood. In most cases, mediastinal masses require surgical treatment or biopsy. Spontaneous acute thymic hemorrhage, as a complication of hemorrhagic disease of newborn, is an extremely rare condition with life-threatening clinical manifestations. In patients with such disease radiological findings may be mistakenly regarded as tumor, and lead to aggressive surgical treatment. We report a case of a newborn with a late-onset form of hemorrhagic disease, complicated by thymic hemorrhage, simulating an anterior mediastinal mass.