Ксенин, гормон сытости: ОБЗОРЫ

Александр Тимурович  Марьянович; Дмитрий Юрьевич  Кормилец; Марина Владиленовна  Андреевская

doi:10.56871/PED.2025.61.51.005

Ксенин, гормон сытости

ОБЗОРЫ

Александр Тимурович Марьянович Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Дмитрий Юрьевич Кормилец Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт, Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Марина Владиленовна Андреевская Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

Ключевые слова:

ксенин сытость ожирение инсулин сахарный диабет xenin satiety obesity insulin diabetes mellitus

Аннотация

В обзоре обобщены сведения о физиологических эффектах ксенина-25, регуляторного пептида, который секретируется K-клетками слизистой оболочки желудочно-кишечного тракта. Те же клетки секретируют и глюкозозависимый инсулинотропный полипептид (ГИП, GIP). В соответствии с первичной структурой ксенина его относят к пептидному семейству нейротензина, в которое входят также мотилин, нейромедин N и грелин. Специфический ксениновый рецептор до настоящего времени не обнаружен, но известно, что ксенин способен связываться с нейротензиновыми рецепторами первого типа. После приема пищи уровень ксенина в плазме крови возрастает. Ксенин затормаживает эвакуацию пищи из желудка и снижает моторику тонкой кишки. Действуя через многочисленные периферические и центральные механизмы, ксенин усиливает ощущение сытости и снижает потребление пищи. Ксенин стимулирует секрецию инсулина и защищает бета-клетки островков Лангерганса от воздействия повреждающих факторов. В жировой ткани ксенин снижает липогенез и усиливает липолиз. Ксенин — один из самых древних, а, возможно, и самый древний из регуляторных пептидов: ксениновый мотив присутствует в первичной структуре белков у представителей всех таксонов — от прокариот до человека. Абсолютная консервативность пептида свидетельствует о его высокой биологической значимости. Созданные на основе ксенина длительно действующие искусственные гибридные пептиды имеют клинические перспективы при создании новых препаратов для лечения ожирения и сахарного диабета 2-го типа.

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