The role of IL-2 (T330G) allelic polymorphism and lymphocyte-platelet interaction activity in pathogenesis of complications associated with Varicella zoster virus infection
ORIGINAL STUDIES
Abstract
Background. Varicella zoster is one of the most common infectious diseases, posing a significant problem for both children and adults. The presence of certain polymorphic variants of cytokine genes can affect the immune response to infection, including through modulation of adhesion between lymphocytes and platelets.
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the single nucleotide polymorphism (T330G) in the promoter region of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene and the activity of lymphocyte-platelet interaction in the pathogenesis of chickenpox in adults.
Materials and methods. A total of 105 young adult male patients with uncomplicated and complicated Varicella zoster were examined. The identification of IL-2 gene alleles was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction method. Lymphocyte-platelet adhesion parameters were assessed using the method described by Yu.A. Vitkovsky. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 software package. To determine the significance of differences between groups, the Mann–Whitney U-test and the χ2 test were used.
Results. Among patients with complicated disease courses, the frequency of the (T330G) IL-2 gene alleles did not differ significantly from that in the uncomplicated group. However, the presence of the heterozygous T/G genotype correlated with the intensity of platelet-lymphocyte interaction. Specifically, the relative and absolute number of lymphocyte-platelet aggregates, as well as the lymphocyte-platelet index values, were significantly lower in T/G heterozygotes with complicated chickenpox compared to patients without complications.
Conclusions. 1. A complicated course of Varicella zoster develops independently of the carriage of the (T330G) single nucleotide polymorphism in the interleukin-2 gene. 2. The heterozygous genotype of the (T330G) single nucleotide polymorphism in the interleukin-2 gene is a risk factor for complications due to weaker adhesive interactions between lymphocytes and platelets during the immune response to Varicella zoster virus.
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