Электронейромиография в педиатрической практике (обзор литературы): ОБЗОРЫ

Павел Олегович  Ляжьев; Мария Юрьевна  Фомина

doi:10.56871/PED.2025.98.32.008

Electroneuromyography in pediatric practice (literature review)

REVIEWS

Pavel O. Liazhev Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Maria Yu. Fomina Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Keywords:

педиатрия электронейромиография игольчатая электромиография диабетическая полинейропатия синдром мышечной гипотонии pediatrics electroneuromyography needle electromyography diabetic polyneuropathy muscular hypotonia syndrome

Abstract

One of the most informative diagnostic methods for diseases of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system is electromyography, a diagnostic technique based on the registration and evaluation of electrical potentials that occur during muscle contraction or peripheral nerve activation in response to electrical stimulation of the nerves. This method is characterized by high variability in the obtained potential parameters: amplitude, latency, morphology, the ratio of these parameters between responses recorded at different stimulation points, as well as conduction velocities along motor and sensory fibers of peripheral nerves. The performance of electromyography in children is associated with several additional complicating factors, such as the high sensitivity of children to the procedures, the difficulty in ensuring patient immobility, and the dependence of the obtained data on the age of the subject. This study involved a review of recent domestic and international literature on the use of electromyography in pediatric practice. Currently, two main electrophysiological methods are used: stimulation electromyography and needle electromyography. In the first case, the conduction of signals along peripheral nerves is assessed, while in the second, the condition of individual muscle fibers is evaluated. During the examination, diseases of the muscles, peripheral nervous system, and spinal cord can be identified; it is also possible to compare the obtained results to assess inter-lateral asymmetry and track the dynamics of pathological processes over time. Electromyography is a highly informative diagnostic tool for neuromuscular system diseases in children; however, when conducting the study, it is important to take into account the age-related features of nervous system development and adapt the procedure according to the physiological and behavioral characteristics of the subjects.

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