Comparative analysis of the features of gunshot wounds of homologous parts of the upper and lower extremities according to the data of pathoanatomical documentsfrom the period of the Great Patriotic War
ORIGINAL STUDIES
Abstract
Background.Gunshot wounds of the upper and lower extremities significantly prevailed in the structure of sanitary losses during the Great Patriotic War (59–85%). The special sections of the “Experience of Soviet Medicine in the GreatPatriotic War of 1941–1945” widely cover statistical data, issues of clinic, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of military personnel with limb injuries. However, we have not found a detailed comparative analysis of wounds of homologous parts of both limbs in the literature.
The purpose of the studyis to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of gunshot wounds in homologous sections of the upper and lower extremities according to the data of pathoanatomical documents from the period of the Great Patriotic War.
Materials and methods.The analysis of the material of the Fundamental Museum of the Department of Normal anatomy of the Military Medical Academy of S.M. Kirov, presented by the pathoanatomical documentation of 132 military personnel with 320 gunshot wounds of the upper and lower extremities, was carried out. The methodology of the work consisted in a comparative analysis of the structure and nature of combat trauma of homologous limb sections.
Results.It was found that pelvic injuries were 2 times more common than upper limb girdles, hip injuries were 2.2 times more common than shoulder injuries, and shin injuries were 1.9 times more common than forearm injuries. Combat injury to the knee and ankle joints was observed 2.2 and 3 times more often than homologous elbow and wrist joints, and shoulder injuries were 1.5 times more common than hip injuries. An analysis of the results of our study with data from the fundamental work “The Experience of Soviet Medicine in the Great PatrioticWar of 1941–1945” and works on modern military conflicts has shown that there is a tendency for injuries of the lower extremities to prevail over the upper ones both in general and in departments, due to their larger surface area, as well as the predominance of shrapnel wounds (in including mine-explosive ones), leading to multiple and combined damage.
Conclusions.The rates of injury to homologous limb parts were directly related to their surface area, which confirms and complements the data from the period of the Great Patriotic War and modern military conflicts.
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