Nursing and rehabilitation of very preterm infants: current state of the problem

The article deals with basic ethiopathogenetic factors of birth of extremely premature infants, their malconditions, disease incidence. The authors give live birth criteria adopted in Russia in 2011 according to WHO recommendations. The article presents basic ethiologic factors of prematurely born and the role of intrauterine infection (IUI) in the pathogenesis of this condition, also survival rate, mortality and adverse outcomes. These literatures devoted to the international experience of nursing of such children and forecasting of viability of newborns in the viability limit zone (VLZ) are provided. Reflects the basic malconditions typical of children with very low (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and leading to disability (damage to the nervous, respiratory system, analysis unit, etc). It is shown significance of IUI in the formation of infectious and inflammatory diseases (IID), the place and especially the innate immune system in the implementation of anti-infectious protection and ways of its correction in severe forms of EWI. Need of development of the differentiated programs of the treatment-and-prophylactic actions directed to correction of critical conditions and simplification of a course of the developed diseases is proved.